This leads to the shrinking of guard cells, closing the stomatal pore. Anion channels play a vital role in closing the stomatal pores. Chloride and malate ions are moved from guard cells through anion channels, making a hypotonic situation inside the cell, which allows the excess water to be moved out from the cell.
The closing of the stomatal pore is regulated by the plant hormone, abscisic acid. Figure 1: The opening and closing of stomatal pore. Stomata are the stomal pores found on the underside of the plant leaf. Stems of the plants also contain stomata.
The opening of stomata occurs in the presence of water inside the plant. Opened stomata allow the water vapor to exit from the plant. This process is called transpiration.
Transpiration produces a pull on water in the xylem to move upwards inside the stem. It also allows cooling of the plant body. Stomata are also involved in the gas exchange between the plant body and the external atmosphere. The gases involved in the photosynthesis, oxygen and carbon dioxide, are exchanged through stomata. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is fixed by forming glucose. Oxygen is liberated during the light reaction of photosynthesis as a byproduct.
Stomata control the entry of carbon dioxide from the external atmosphere and exit of oxygen to the external atmosphere. During hot and dry conditions, stomata are closed, preventing the gas exchange through the stomatal pores. This leads to low concentration of carbon dioxide inside the leaf of the plant, reducing the efficiency of photosynthesis in C3 plants.
The reduced levels of carbon dioxide also lead to the occurrence of photorespiration as well. In contrast in C4 plants , photosynthesis becomes more efficient in low carbon dioxide concentrations by fixing carbon dioxide twice.
Figure 2: Stomata in the underside of a leaf. Stoma: Stoma is the pore in the underside of the leaves and stems of plants. Stomata: Stomata are the collection of pores on the underside of the plant leaves. Stoma: The opening and closing of stoma are controlled by the water potential inside the guard cells. Stomata: Stomata are involved in the gas exchange between the plant body and external atmosphere.
Stoma and stomata are gas exchanging structures found in the leaves and stems of plants. Stomata is the plural word of the stoma.
The opening and closing of stoma are regulated by the water potential inside the guard cells. Pair of guard cells form a stoma. When the water potential is high in guard cells, the turgor pressure inside the cell is increased and the size of the stomatal pore is increased, opening the pore. While the stomata pore is opened, carbon dioxide in the external atmosphere enters into the leaf, increasing the rate of photosynthesis.
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